What does the "zero waste" philosophy promote?

The "zero waste" philosophy emphasizes the importance of redesigning resource life cycles to ensure that products are reused and ultimately do not end up as waste. This approach encourages sustainable practices, such as designing products for durability, reparability, and recyclability, thereby minimizing the consumption of resources and reducing the environmental impact. By promoting the idea that waste should be viewed as a resource to be utilized rather than discarded, "zero waste" advocates for systems that keep materials in use for as long as possible. This perspective is integral to fostering a circular economy, where resources are continuously cycled back into production, thereby addressing wastefulness and resource depletion at their core.

The other options do not align with the "zero waste" philosophy; rather, they reflect approaches that contribute to waste generation or environmental harm, such as landfilling, incineration, or promoting single-use products.